Red-shouldered Tanagers are found in parts of South America. The sexes are sexually dimorphic with the males being all black except for a small red and white patch on the shoulder. Females have brownish gray upperparts, grayish white underparts and a dusky-colored mask.

:Diet: Red-shouldered Tanagers forage for seeds, ants, spiders, and other insects from the ground up.

:Courtship: No information found. They generally travel in pairs but will travel singly and in small groups.

:Nesting: Red-shouldered Tanagers build an open cup nests of grass that is placed on the ground that is concealed in clumps of grass or near bushes. 1-2 grayish eggs with chocolate brown markings are laid.

:Habitat and Range: They are found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. They prefer semi-open areas of savanna and scrub.

:Vocalization: They produce a weak low-to moderate-pitched 'chup' or 'cheup', a high-pitched 'tsit' and soft 'chips' while foraging.

:Plumage/Molt: No alternate plumage and probably molt annually like other tanagers.

:Migration: Non-migratory.

:Tongue/feet: Gray legs and feet.

:Bibliography: w4;June, 2013 b29 w43;June, 2013